Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory - 1269 Words

Although there are several different assessments one could use, the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory, (SASSI-3) would be the first choice. It is a â€Å"brief self-report, easily administered psychological screening measure that is available in separate versions for adults and adolescents. The Adult SASSI-3 helps recognize individuals who have a high probability of having a substance dependence disorder with an overall empirically tested accuracy of 93%.† Dr. Glenn A. Miller developed the SASSI-3 and is comprised of 67 true-false items with additional 26 item self-report section on substance use for identifying people with a high probability of having a substance dependence disorder. The subtle items of the SASSI-3 appear to have no correlation with the rest of the test. The subtle items may identify some clients who have alcohol or other drug issues the client may not admit to. A counselor having an awareness of their client’s history of alcohol use aids the counselor in identifying clients who are at risk and what treatment strategies may be most effective. The SASSI-3 is quick and easy for the counselor to score; only taking 15 minutes to administer and score. This assessment is helpful in both inpatient and outpatient sites. Although some studies have shown that alcoholism is hereditary, the genes have yet to be identified. Alcoholism is not only complex but involves different pathways that may lead to the development of alcohol dependence. Some factors mayShow MoreRelatedTesting The Masses : An Argumentative Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesabusers benefitting from state assistance. One such program was the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) test, where the applicant for welfare was required to take a screening questionnaire designed to pick up subtle psychological triggers that might point to a substance abuser. Of those who showed possible drug abuse signals, all were placed into a selection pool where 50% would be randomly selected for drug screening or urinalysis to see if they were in fact using. Those who refusedRead MoreTexas Should Adopt Drug Testing Policy For Welfare Recipients996 Words   |  4 Pagesfor assisted living. (Ellis, 2013) Oklahoma now requires the applicants to go through a screening process called Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI). What is SASSI; SASSI is a screening method that gives the probability of illegal use of controlled substance or substances. If you fail the SASSI then you are given two roads. The first is provide the denied applicant with a list of substance abuse treatment programs availab le at a minimal or no cost to the applicant or recipient. TheRead MoreTesting Is A Tool A Counselor1314 Words   |  6 Pages280). Testing services may or may not be a part of the counseling center. There is a difference between â€Å"testing academic services gives and testing a counseling center gives† (Nugent Jones, pg. 279). Counselors â€Å"use standardized test and inventories in the counseling process† (Nugent Jones, pg. 283). Testing Testing is a tool a counselor uses to assess a client. A client must â€Å"agree to be tested and to use the information gained for self-exploration† (Nugent Jones, pg. 283). Tests thatRead MoreWhy Alcohol And Drug Addiction Is Considered A Disease964 Words   |  4 Pagesdisease. Screening the addict for a specific treatment program is an important step. Bellessa and Hanser (2008) said, it is important in community supervision to be able to successfully and accurately screen for drug abuse (Pg. 218). Treatment designers have developed a tool to make screening the addicts a little bit easier. There is a sequence of questions that the offender/addict needs to answer truthfully to get the best type of treatment for their circumstances. Substance Abuse Subtle ScreeningRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism On The Genetics Of Alcoholism Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesMichigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), T-ACE, Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI). SSAGA was created by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) is used to study the genetic link to alcoholism. (Korsmeyer, P., Kranzler, H., 2009) AUDIT was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with Austria, Bulgari, Kenya. Mexico, Norway and the United States, making it the first screening designed for internationalRead MoreDrug Testing For Welfare Recipients1347 Words   |  6 Pagestesting welfare recipients, including the cost, constitutionality, and the effect on children. History In 1971, President Richard Nixon initiated the national War on Drugs, which focused on the passage of policies geared toward fighting illegal substances (Amundson, Zajicek, and Hunt, 2014). During this time, Nixon allocated two-thirds of federal dollars for treatment of drug addiction and prevention of new users and one-third of federal dollars for interdiction and enforcement (Amundson et al.,Read MoreEssay On Each One Teach One In Cincinnatirotc1492 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper is about a program called Each One Teach One of Cincinnati, EOTOC. This program is for High School Students in the inner city who are from low income, drug abuse homes. We are partnering with Cincinnati Public Schools to get the students and will service their needs. The services we provide include uniforms, haircuts, drug intervention, drug education, family bonding. Family sessions, self-esteem and mentoring. The organization will partner with many neighborhood organizations such asRead MoreSubstance Abuse : A Growing Problem For College Students3354 Words   |  14 PagesSubstance abuse is a growing problem for college students. The effects of this problem are felt by millions of individuals, families, schools, and communities. Substance abuse affects many domains of a person’s life including mental functioning, physical health, psychological well-being, social structure, employment, and academic endeavors. The need for trained professionals who can prevent, identify, and treat problems associated with drug use is also at an all-time high. This paper revealsRead MoreSubstance Addictions and Abuse Counseling3641 Words   |  15 Pages Substance Abuse and Addictions Counseling Bristina Strzelecki Liberty University Abstract Substance abuse and addictions counseling is a newer counseling field. Although it is fairly new, there is so much research and so many guidelines to help someone make it through as a substance abuse and addictions counselor. It holds a great importance and people should be aware of the severity of substance abuse and addiction. This field hasRead MoreDrug And Alcohol Abuse And Addiction1845 Words   |  8 PagesDrug and alcohol abuse and addiction contribute to the largest portion of all crime, and this correlation is the leading culprit to induce crime. (Goode, 2012) Although there is a common knowledge of drug and alcohol abuse, drug and alcohol abuse or addiction contributes to the largest portion of all crime, and this correlation is the foremost culprit to induce crime. Across the United States and throughout the world there is an epidemic of epic proportion involving drug and alcohol addiction. Addiction

Matthew 927 . And When Jesus Departed Thence, Two Blind

Matthew 9:27 And when Jesus departed thence, two blind men followed him, crying, and saying, Thou Son of David, have mercy on us. Two blind men followed Jesus into a house. As a result of following Jesus the best is yet to come. They asked Jesus to have mercy and Jesus asked if they believed He could. The faith must not be faith in their faith, but faith in the giver of faith. They affirmed that they had faith that Jesus could heal them. Jesus then touched their eyes and said to let it be according to their faith in Him. Their eyes were then opened. There should be faith in our Master (Matthew 12:15; 14:15; 19:2,27,28; 20:29,34; 21:9; Mark 11:9; Matthew 26:58; 27:55; Mark 15:41; Mark 9:38; Luke 9:49; 10:52). James†¦show more content†¦And he said unto them, This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many. Verily I say unto you, I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine, until that day that I drink it new in the kingdom of God. And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives.† At the last supper, Christ foretold of His coming death, of His betrayal by Judas, of Peter s denial, and all the disciples forsaking Him. 45 Matthew 26:36 â€Å"Then cometh Jesus with them unto a place called Gethsemane, and saith unto the disciples, Sit ye here, while I go and pray yonder.† The meaning of Gethsemane is olive press and a place Jesus loved to visit. While He came here with His disciples, He desired the disciples to sit and wait while He alone talked to His Father. Jesus did not want to die, to go through the anguish and pain of a shameful cross, asking if there be any other way to remove the cup from Him, but let it not be according to His will, but the will of God His Father. No other way could be found, no other perfect sacrifice without spot, no other blood that was pure, and time was rapidly approaching that Christ would lay His life down. From birth, every heartbeat, every breath, every step, every moment of the life of Jesus, was a sacrifice for others, moving onward, forward, doing only good for others, marching ever closer to the cross before Him and for the purpose of which He came.

Enabling Innovation in Campus Networks

Question: Discuss about the Enabling Innovation in Campus Networks. Answer: Introduction Software Define technology is a type of computer networking which allows and help the network administrator to manage the network service of the organization through the abstraction of lower level functionality. It addresses the fact that the static architecture of traditional network doesn`t support the dynamic, scalable computing and stored the modern computing environments like the data centre. SDN are commonly associated with the Open Flow protocol. It emerges later in the year 2011. From 2012 many companies have moved away from Open Flow as a single solution and have embraced a number of different techniques which includes like Cisco`s open Network Environment and Nicira Network Virtualization. Software-defined networking has originated shortly after Sun Microsystems which is released by JAVA in the year 1995]. The first SDN project was ATT`s GeoPlex. The main purpose of this assignment is to develop the skills of emerging technology SDN (Software Define Networking).Through this assignment first thing which we will learn is how to develop the knowledge based on some current state of emerging technology SDN which help the organization to do their work more easily and fast. After studying and searching SDN emerging technology we will also identify it`s security issue of the emerging technology. Literature Review I have gone through the different articles and book and get the knowledge of Software Defined Technology. After doing the research I found that this is an emerging technology and a rising concept for the computer networking. It has been centralized the software logically to control the behavior of the network. It controls the network through the underlying the physical routers and switches. I have gone through an article which is written by Nick Mckeown he believes that from years the computer scientist has thought to innovate something new which will improve the network speed, reliability, security and the energy efficiency. But all the scientist has failed as the test was impossible on the large scale. A company like Cisco and Hewlett-Packard had tried but the test was not possible. After that the Nick McKeon and his colleges think to develop a standard called Open Flow which opens up the internet and allow the user to define the data flow using the software called SDN (Software Defined Networking). This network directs all the switches and routers, how to direct the network traffic to one another. It also protects the proprietary routing instruction which differentiates one company`s hardware from another. According to the James Mclllece Software Define, networking provides a method to configure and manage the physical and virtual network devices like router, switches and gateway in the data centre. He told that virtual network element like Hyper V Virtual Switch, Windows Server Gateway is designed to be the integral element of the software-defined networking infrastructure He has explained very nicely in his article about the SDN , he told that SDN is only possible because of the network planes. If the organization use this network there will be no bound to the network devices. The software-defined networking allows the user to manage the data center dynamically to provide the automated and centralized way to meet the requirement of the companys application and workloads. The following capabilities of the software Defined Networking are : It has the capability to define and control the policies which govern both the physical and virtual network which includes the traffic flow of the network. It implements the network policies in a consistent manner with a perfect scale, even if the user or a company deploy the new workload or move the workload across the virtual or physical networks. It also abstracts the application and workload from the underlying physical network which accomplishes by vitalizing the network. Paradis and Thomas also defined that software Defined Networks is a paradigm in which the routing decision are taken by a control layer. They told that if we go through the difference between the software-defined network and the conventional network structure were we can see that control plane and forwarding plane are separated and communicate through the different protocols like open flow. They told that SDN is radically a different proposal which is simply based on layered approach and try to bring the management together of the different layer into a single controller. He also says that Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging architecture which is manageable, it is cost-effective and dynamic. It is also an ideal for the high-bandwidth, dynamic nature of today's applications. Paul Goransson in his book explained about the Software-defined networking. He has very nicely explained the SDN, he says that in the year 2010 when he gave the first public talk on Open Flow that time this protocol was the heart of SDN and no one had heard of Open flow or software defined network. He told that after 10 months in the month of May 2011, open flow become famous and everyone started talking about the Open flow. The author also told that, after this from 2012 many companies have moved away from Open Flow as a single solution and have embraced a number of different techniques which includes like Cisco`s open Network Environment and Nicira Network Virtualization. The author was also a serial entrepreneur who has start-up companies through the successful acquisition by industry giants. He has also used this software-defined network in his organization. After going through all these articles , books, and journal I have gathered much information regarding the Software Defined Networking. Software Define technology is a type of computer networking which allows and help the network administrator to manage the network service of the organization through the abstraction of lower level functionality. In today`s modern age this SDN is the emerging technology which helps every company to have the good networking system.I also came to know that Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging architecture which is dynamic and cost-effective, it is also an ideal for the high-bandwidth, dynamic nature of today's applications. This architecture separates the network control and forward the functions and which enables the network control and it directly becomes programmable and underlines the infrastructure to be abstracted for applications and network services. Among this, the Open Flow protocol is a foundational element which builds SDN solutions. It is the heart of SDN. The architecture of the SDN is: Directly programmable: In this, the Network control is directly programmable because it is separated from forwarding functions. Agile: It controls the forwarding of administrators dynamically and adjusts the network-wide traffic flow to meet the changing needs of the organization. Centrally managed: Network intelligence is the one which is logically centralized in software which is based on SDN controllers and which maintain a global view of the network, which appears to an applications and policy engines as a single, logical switch and router. Programmatically configured: SDN lets network manage the managers configure, secure, and it optimize the network resources very quickly through dynamic and automated the SDN programs. Open standards-based and vendor-neutral: When SDN are executed through open standards, then it simplifies the network design and It is a very critical process security to the SDN. To provide a security to the SDN a proper knowledge of technology is required. It is globally programmable so vulnerable attack take place in the SDN. The threats: Targeted Level Malicious Behavior Caused by Possible Countermeasures Forwarding Plane Switch DoS Packet Encryption and Tunnel Bypassing Limited Forwarding Table Storage Capacity Enormous Number of Flows Limited Switchs Buffering Capacity I. Rule Aggregation II. Increasing Switchs Buffering Capacity Control Plane DDoS Attack I. Centralization Controller Replication II. Limited Forwarding Table Storage Capacity I. Dynamic Master Controller Assignment II. Enormous Number of Flows Compromised Controller Attacks I. Centralization I. Controller Replication with Diversity Attacks II. Efficient Controller Assignments Forwarding control link Man-in-middle attacks Communication message sent in clear Encryption Countermeasures: To keep the SDN protected from these attacks the user has to provide a proper security. The Denial of Service attack is a type of network attack which is designed to target the network or machine with a huge amount of useless traffic which is overloaded and eventually bring it down to the knees. The main intention of the DoS attack is to make the services on the target machine which is always temporarily unavailable to its individual users. The company who will use the SDN service they should keep the network with a security like they should use id and password system to keep the important data of this SDN to protect from the threat Denial of Service. They should not leak out any code of the network to any other client it may affect the service. Reference Open Daylight, Open Daylight: A Linux Foundation Collaborative Project, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.opendaylight.org A. Lara, A. Kolasani, and B. Ramamurthy, Network innovation using OpenFlow: A survey, Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 493512, First 2014 M. McBride, M. Cohn, S. Deshpande, M. Kaushik, M. Mathews, S. Nathan, SDN Security Considerations in the Data Center,Open Networking Foundation- ONF SOLUTION BRIEF, 2013 N. McKeown, T. Anderson, H. Balakrishnan, G. Parulkar, L. Peterson, J. Rexford, S. Shenker, and J. Turner, OpenFlow: enabling innovation in campus networks, SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 6974, Mar. 2008. T. Benson, A. Akella, and D. Maltz, Unraveling the complexity of network management, in Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, USA, 2009, pp. 335348. B. Raghavan, M. Casado, T. Koponen, S. Ratnasamy, A. Ghodsi, and S. Shenker, Software-defined internet architecture: Decoupling architecture from infrastructure, in Proceedings of the 11th ACMWorkshop on Hot Topics in Networks, ser. NY, USA: ACM, 2012, pp. 4348. A. Ghodsi, S. Shenker, T. Koponen, A. Singla, B. Raghavan, and J. Wilcox, Intelligent design enables architectural evolution, in Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, ser.HotNets-X. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2011, pp. 3:13:6. Y. Jarraya, T. Madi, and M. Debbabi, A survey and a layered taxonomy of software-defined networking, Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE, vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 11, 2014 T. D. Nadeau and K. Gray, SDN: software defined networks, 1st ed. OReilly, 2013, vol. [11] N. M. K. Chowdhury and R. Boutaba, A survey of network virtualization, Computer Networks, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 862 876, 2010 A. Ghodsi, S. Shenker, T. Koponen, A. Singla, B. Raghavan, and J. Wilcox, Intelligent design enables architectural evolution, in Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, ser.HotNets-X. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2011, pp. 3:13:6.

Malice in Law of Torts free essay sample

There can be little doubt that this complaint was justified. Despite the well-known division and discussion by Bayley J. of â€Å" malice in fact † and â€Å" malice in law,† ’ which can be taken as the starting point of modern analysis of malice, other judges have not hesitated to enlarge upon the possible meanings of malice, until it seems that there must be judicial authority for any or almost any meaning that a writer wishes to attribute to the word. However, these various interpretations can be grouped under four main headings: (1) spite or ill-will; (2) any improper motive; (8) the intent to do a wrongful act; (4) the intent to inflict injury without just cause or excuse. It is quite clear that in this sense the word is being used colloquially, not as a term of art. â€Å"Malice in common acceptance,† said Parker C. J. in 1718’ â€Å"is a desire of revenge or settled anger against a particular person. We will write a custom essay sample on Malice in Law of Torts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † A hundred years later, in a famous passage in Bromage v. Prosser, Bayley J. called this ‘‘ malice in fact † and said it meant â€Å"ill-will against a person. The effect of later authorities was summed up by McCardie J. ’s expression â€Å" vindictive feeling. † When used in this sense, therefore, malice involved the desire to satisfy a personal grudge and thereby to benefit the person who acted from malice. But the older idea of vengeance, which as just seen involved at least emotional benefit to the malicious person, tended in the latter part of the nineteenth century to become absorbed in a broader notion of any motive which was regarded as undesirable by the courts of approval and encouragement. As a result, â€Å"malice † came to mean any improper motive. This is the description of malice as the intent to inflict injury without just cause or excuse. Parker C. J. in Jones v. Givin said nothing about intention, but did say that malice as a term of law always excluded a just cause. It was Bayley J. 17 who introduced the notion of intention when he called malice in law â€Å" a wrongful act done intentionally without just cause or excuse,† a phrase which as we shall see bristles with problems. But the language of Bayley J. was repeated or echoed throughout the nineteenth century la and still seems to be favoured by the courts. Thus in Re N o h in 1858 malice was described as â€Å" where a party in full possession of his faculties . . . chooses to commit injuries upon another without reasonable cause. † The use of the word â€Å"reasonable† is an interesting variant, although sometimes it has been said that malice and lack of reasonable cause are the same thing. But this must be a proposition of doubtful validity, at least in respect of the tort of malicious prosecution if nowhere else, though it can be said that lack of reasonable cause for a prosecution may well evidence malice. However the statement in Re Nolan illustrates how flexible the idea of malice in law became after Bayley J. However, his words were not forgotten, nor were those of Parker C. J. Collins M. R. in Read’s casea0 said that the action of the defendant in inducing a breach of contract by a combination to coerce X into dismissing the plaintiff because he was not a member of the defendant’s society was malicious or, he went on, â€Å" if the phrase be preferred ‘ without just cause or excuse ). † Later in his judgment he talked of â€Å"what might in given circumstances be ‘ just cause’ or in other words sutiice to negate malice. More recently, in Jones v. Motor Surveys Ltd. ,’l Roxburgh J. referred to malice as the â€Å"wilful and intentional doing of damage without just cause or excuse †; , and in 1955 the Court of Appeal 22 quoted with approval the words of Bayley J. and went on to say that ‘‘ intentionally † in Bayley J. ’s definition referred to the doing of the act; it did not mean that the defendant meant to be spiteful, though sometimes, as for instance to rebut a plea of privilege in defamation, malice in fact had to be proved.

International Conflict Analysis and the Main Actors

Strong Leadership in Business Organizations

Strong Leadership in Business Organizations Introduction A plethora of studies has pointed out that strong leadership is extremely important for business organizations. Business leadership is a term commonly used to refer to the activity of leading a group of individuals, usually considered as an organization. In its essence, business leadership involves a number of things (Peters Robert 1982, p. 55). First of all, it involves the establishment of a precisely clear vision.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strong Leadership in Business Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Once this vision has been established, it is then shared with other people in an effort to make them follow it. Information, knowledge, in addition to methods, necessary to realize the established vision is then provided. The other thing involved is balancing and coordinating the interests of all stakeholders perceived to be conflicting. In case of a crisis, a leader takes the forefr ont due to his ability not only to think but act as well in a creative manner during difficult moments (Peters Robert 1982 p. 58). Leadership differs from management since it flows from the core of personality. Unlike management, leadership can not be taught. However, leadership can be learned. In addition, through mentoring as well as coaching, it can be enhanced. It is indicated in the findings of the research conducted by Cangemie et al (2004, p. 30) that strong and effective leadership demands a captain of a ship and not just an individual who is standing by the helm. Cockerell (2009, p. 61) further asserts that leadership is not passive but active. Thesis Statement The forthcoming discussion is intended to provide clear and precise evidence why strong leadership in business organizations is one of the most significant elements. In order to adequately and authentically derive the proof, research will be based on relevant literature and studies conducted on the same. Discussion Human nature is built on several contradictions. Basically, each and every person is self centered and tends to think about themselves as winners. However, the truth is that human talents are distributed in a normal manner (Robbins 2007, p. 55). This implies that there is no human being superior as everyone tends to think he is. Another contradiction is that, like processors of information, individuals are not only simultaneously flawed but delightful as well. On the one hand, human beings can hold little explicitly in their minds.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that an enormous pressure of maintaining things remarkably simple in their organizations on managers exist. On the other hand, the unconscious mind of humans is extremely powerful (Cockerell 2009, p. 65). Another contradiction is that all human beings exist within their environments. They have a high degree of sensitivity in addition to being responsive to external rewards as well as punishments. Indeed, drive comes from within a human being. A further conflict is that human beings act in a way as if expressed beliefs are essential; yet, it is considered that actions speak louder. It turns out that there is no person that can fool others at any time. Usually, people are proficient in watching out for patterns in their day-to-day actions (Peters Robert 1982, p. 60). Indeed, human beings are wise as they distrust words that are seemingly mismatching our deeds. People in an organization do not differ much, and therefore these conflicts are present in them (Robbins 2007, p. 59). In order to deal with these conflicts, it is necessary to have a strong leadership in the organization. With a strong leadership in place, a passionate pride is taken in an effort towards setting high targets for the organization of people. A strong leadership necessary to deal with these conflicts is the one that establishes productivity teams and productivity development teams among others. Even though the approaches adopted by strong leadership are self- defeating, they are perfectly rational. Usually, the striking attributes of this symbiotic effect are excitement as well as believability, which are two characteristics of herculean importance if at all an organization wants to realize its goals in an effective manner (Solich 2007, p. 55). Taking believability into account, top performing business organizations are in most cases led by an individual who grew up with the core of the business. Managers represent their unique ability to engender excitement (Powell 2011, p. 8).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strong Leadership in Business Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most businesses where strong leadership has been adopted are attributable with producing a lot of winners. In addition, strong lea dership usually constructs these systems in such a way that they celebrate the winning when it occurs. Further, these systems unlike the ones without strong leadership utilize non monetary incentives in an extraordinary manner (Pedler 2010, p. 44). Among the key attributes of businesses with strong leadership is that they are always aware of the essentiality of maintaining things as simple as possible regardless of the overwhelming genuine pressures to complicate the turn of events. In any organization, staff may simplify matters. However, the people in the field are irritated by the staff as they are known to make life miserable for them. Once the staff of any organization regardless of the number leaps into an action, information requests, regulations, policies, in addition to instructions on how the staff is performing are being generated. As this becomes the trend, overload of information sets into the system. It is impossible for short-term memory to bear or process all these i nformation. Therefore, everything in the organization, including its running becomes confused. However, in a business where strong leadership has been adopted, when this ensues, there is always a way to cope with this sort of problem (Robbins 2007, p. 67). One of the strategies that a strong leader does is intentionally keep the corporate staff number as small as possible. This implies that the number of corporate staff in the business will not generate excessive confusion down the line. In addition, unlike other businesses, a business characterized with strong leadership usually has a tendency of putting a focus on just a few key business values as well as just a few business objectives (Peters Robert 1982, p. 67). Focusing on a few key business values is indispensable as it lets everyone realize what is weighty and what is not. As a result, there is simply less necessity for daily unending instructions, that is, daily short-term memory overload.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In many businesses where strong leadership has been adopted, paperwork is minimal (Rizzatti 2005, p. 10). Indeed, in these organizations, paper work is eliminated by using quick hit task forces. In addition, these organizations sub optimize; they tend to overlook economies of scale put up with a fair and a considerable amount of internal overlap, mistakes, as well as duplication in an effort towards seeing that they will not have to coordinate each and every activity, which, given their size, these businesses could not do in anyway (Cockerell 2009, p. 69). It is often argued that the most excellent and successful companies are way they stand since they are organized in such a manner which is necessary to obtain extraordinary efforts from ordinary individuals. Leadership represents a variety of things. Leadership is patience. According to Cangemie et al (2003, p. 33), it is usually a singularly frustrating coalition building. He further asserts that it is the purposeful seeding of ca bals that an individual perceives or hopes will eventually result in the appropriate ferment in the bowels of a business organization. Further, leadership involves a meticulous shift of institution’s attention through the use of mundane language of systems of management. In addition, leadership entails alteration of agendas in an effort towards seeing that the new policies get more attention. Furthermore, leadership requires one to be visible whenever things go awry (Rizzatti 2005, p. 19). Further, it requires an individual to be invisible whenever things are working well. According to the findings of a research conducted by Savage (2012, p.36), leadership involves the process of establishing a loyal team at the top, which is responsible for speaking more or less in unison. According to Rowbotham (2007, p. 76), leadership requires a person to listen in a careful manner in most of the times while frequently imparting encouragement messages through the power of speaking, and re inforcing words with actions that are not only realistic but believable as well. At times, leadership necessitates a person to be tough whenever necessary. This implies that the person to whom the people in the organization look upon must be more than a leader. He must be a strong leader exhibiting strong leadership skills (Sherman n.d). A strong leader acts as the mentor, the value shaper, an example, and the one who moulds meanings. Having a strong leader at the helm is indispensable since the strong leadership job is tougher than that of just a leader. He is usually the true artist, as well as the pathfinder. In an organization, it is essential that the urge for transcendence that unites every employee in the organization is called forth and exemplified. Only a strong leader can see these through (Sherman n.d). A strong leader and his strong leadership are considered to be miles ahead of just leaders as he is able to exhibit consistency spread over long periods of time in support of his transcending values (Rowbotham 2007, p. 80). A strong leadership holds that there is no opportunity deemed small and that there is no particular forum too insignificant. Further, a strong leader holds that there is no audience that can be regarded as too junior unlike other forms of leadership. Strong leaders and leadership are always able to make their followers transcend the day-to-day affairs. Leadership that is not strong in its nature is usually preoccupied with power unlike the cases with strong leadership. Attention to power blinds leaders and results into their inability to install correct purposes. Strong leadership is necessary since it promotes a situation where employees in a business organization interact with one another in a manner that the leaders as well as the employees raise one another together and, therefore, reach higher levels and extents of morality in addition to motivation (Sherman n.d). Strong leadership is considered to be moral due to its tendenc y to raise the level of the employee conduct as well as raising the aspiration of not only the leader but the employee as well. This means that a strong leadership, unlike just leadership, has a transforming effect on both the leader and the employee. An organization attributable to having a strong leadership is dynamic. To elaborate on this, such a leadership involves a leader throwing himself into a relationship with his employees. Subsequently, the employees will feel elevated, and as a result, they become more active. This activity on its part helps in the creation of new cadres of leaders among these employees. Strong leaders, unlike managers, have the ability to understand other people’s emotions (Peters Robert 1982, p. 77). It is commonly stated that managers prefer working with people. By contrast, strong leaders prefer stirring emotions. Whenever employees of an organization are exposed to a strong charismatic leadership style, they are not only strengthened but upl ifted by the experience, as well. Such employees feel more powerful unlike other forms of leadership where they feel less powerful and submissive. A system where strong leadership has been adopted does not force the employees to submit and follow the leader by sheer overwhelming magic pertaining to his personality, in addition to his persuasive powers. Instead, he tends to be influential by way of not only strengthening but inspiriting his employees (Rowbotham 2007, p. 80). Therefore, a strong leadership business environment arouses confidence in the employees. As a result, the employees feel better and are able to accomplish the organizational goals (Powell 2011, p. 1). Strong leadership in a business crops up a symbiotic effect on the part of the leader and the followers. Usually, the striking attributes of this symbiotic effect are excitement, as well as believability, which are two characteristics of herculean importance if at all an organization want to realize its goals in an effective manner (Solich 2007, p. 55). Taking believability into account, top performing business organizations are in most cases led by an individual who grew up with the core of the business. A compelling example is HP. Concerning the second attribute, a strong leader’s explicit criterion of choosing managers represents his unique ability to engender excitement (Powell 2011, p. 8). Strong leadership is a must for any business since the in building of purpose is a challenge to creativity and a leader must have to possess more than just leadership skills. If a strong leadership is not in place, there is a herculean possibility that the business will not achieve its targeted goals (Solich 2007, p. 57). Perhaps, it may end up deviating from the intended course of action, a clear indication that it is heading to a fall. In building of purpose involves the act of transforming men, as well as groups, from being neutral and technical units into participants with a particular stamp, in addition to sensitivity and commitment. This implies that this process is indeed educational. According to Hansen (2010, p. 104), a strong and effective leader ought to be aware of the meaning, in addition to mastering the technique of the educator. Mullins (2010, p. 44) asserts that the art of a strong and creative leader is the art or building an organization. Further, it is the art of reworking of humans, as well as technological materials in an effort towards fashioning an organism, which is supposed to embody new, as well as enduring values. Zaleznik (2007, p. 67) made a worthwhile note when he indicated that the act of institutionalizing involves infusing values beyond a task’s technical requirements, which is at hand. Only a strong leader can do this. Without the aspect of strong leadership, this motive cannot be realized, and this spells out the essentiality of a strong leadership. The awarding of the social machinery in a way beyond its technical role, according to Cangemie et al (2004, p. 46), doubly reflects the unique way in which it fulfills both group and personal needs. It does not matter whether people become attached to a business organization. All that matters is prizing or awarding. Taking the standpoint of a committed employee into consideration, there is prodigious likelihood that the business organization will be transformed from being an expandable tool into a source of personal satisfaction, which is largely valuable. This can not come if a strong leader is not at the helm. This is an implication that a business leader serves as the primary expert in an effort towards promoting and protecting the values (Mullins 2010, p. 46). Conclusion From this analysis, it is clear that a strong leadership in a business is a vigorous and positive thing (Blazek 2011, p. 41). A business organization with strong leadership results in a better relative performance, unlike an organization where strong leadership is not advocated (Pedler 2010, p . 32). In addition to this, it leads to a situation where the level of contribution from the ‘average man’ is induced. This analysis also established that for both the business organization and society in which the business is build around, a business with strong leadership creates an environment in which people can blossom (Zaleznik 2007, p. 70). In addition, it creates an environment where people can develop self-esteem. The essence of this is that people will be excited and motivated to participate in the business organization as well as in the society as a whole. Unlike strong leadership, a business organization where strong leadership has not been adopted ends up in creating groups of non excellent performers (Peters and Robert 1982, p. 80). Further, the employees are almost perverse and always at odd taking every variable into account. In these organizations, it is a norm to lose rather than win. Further, the reinforcement is usually negative unlike strong leaders hip organizations where reinforcement is positive (Blazek 2011, p. 47). Guidance in these organizations tends to be arranged by the rule book instead of tapestries or even myths (Mullins 2010, p. 49). In addition, a business organization without strong leadership as its strongholds adopts a method where constraint and control are dominant. By contrast, in a business organization where strong leadership has been adopted, there is soaring of meaning and there is always a chance to sally forward (Hansen 2010, p. 110). Another shortcoming of an organization where strong leadership is not evident is that there is always politics a thing that hampers development in addition to sustainability. In an organization with strong leadership, leading is usually guided by moral and this plays a key role in the achievement of an excellent companys status (Peters Robert 1982, p. 85). Overall, strong leadership is a key to the effective running of any organization, and as such, any organization mus t ensure that it embarks on strategies that will put in place a strong leadership. References Blazek, C 2011, Ineffective leadership is costly, Cengage Learning, Belmont Cangemie, P, Hewwet, L, McQuade T Jairus, F 2004, ‘The journal of successful management development: Successful leadership practices in turbulent times’, Bradford, Vol. 33 no. 1, pp. 30 Cockerell, L 2009, Creating Magic: 10 common sense leadership strategies from a life at Disney, Doubleday, New York. Hansen, M 2010, ‘The Best-Performing CEOs in the world,’ Harvard Business Review, Vol. 4 no. 7, pp. 104-113. Mullins, J 2010, Management and organizational behavior, Prentice Hall, Essex. Pedler, M.A 2010, Manager’s Guide to Leadership: An Action Learning Approach, McGrow Hill, Berkshire. Peters, T Waterman, R 1982, ‘Ch3 Man waiting for motivation,’ The wall Street Journal, Vol. 5 no. 2, pp. 55-86. Powell, G 2011, ‘The Gender and Leadership Wars,’ Organizatio nal Dynamics, Vol. 40 no. 5, pp. 1-9. Rizzatti, I 2005, ‘Electronic Business,’ Highlands Ranch, Vol. 31 no. 10, pp. 10-25. Robbins, S Timothy, J 2007, Organizational Behavior, Prentice Hall, London, UK. Rowbotham, F 2007, Operations Management in Context, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Savage, N 2012, ‘Director: What makes a good leader,’ London, Vol. 65 no.5, pp. 36 Sherman, T n.d. The differences between effective and ineffective leadership skills, www.helium.com/items/1086365-good-bad-leadership Solich, H 2007, Tips for effective leadership, Thomson Learning, South Melbourne, Victoria. Zaleznik, A 2007, ’Managers and leaders: Are they different?,’ Harvard Business Review, Vol. 7 no. 3, pp. 67-78.

Assessing Patients Feedback On Receiving Herbal Medicine Treatment Dissertation

Assessing Patients Feedback On Receiving Herbal Medicine Treatment - Dissertation Example The basis of the finding is lined up in the literature review part, where the author has exhaustively cited examples that are arguably centralized on the herbal treatment. Understanding the importance of medical treatment, most of the literature cited here has submerged in the argument on whether clinicians should adhere in most of the clinics in the country to this right treatment. This report is a critical representation of a research done by the university polyclinics with the help of the social research institutes, on patients’ views on the effectiveness of the herbal Medicare. Recently complementary and Alternative medicine has been seeking to gain greater acceptance into the community and thus there is the greater emphasis for it to be taken first as a professional course. Thus the University of Westminster has the mandate to ensure all its students reach an acceptable standard that can be in a position to meet patients’ needs before awarding them a degree. First, the research has touched on the patient-centered care, where special issues and barriers have been put into the analysis (Barnes, 2009, pg34). After the target groups, which are the practitioners and some of the Herbal medicine students, have been identified, the next thing is to illustrate questionnaires and outline the data found by analysis them in a more strategized manner. After the above have been met, methodology and data analysis designs have been included, for the implementation purposes (Sinclair, 2010, pg42). It is better to understand that without a detailed analysis of the data, the target group might not give out clear variations and impact of herbal being included clinical treatment.

Compare and contrast Saint Martin- the french half and Sint Essay

Compare and contrast Saint Martin- the french half and Sint Maarten-the dutch half - Essay Example A few years later though Spain regained this territory, after an era of conflict, the Island fell to the hands of the Dutch and the French, who shared it between them (Geographia.com). French laws and constitution govern Saint Martin. Chief of State is the French President. The members of the Territorial Council elect president of the Territorial Council. Saint Martin also elects one seat to the French Senate. Frommer’s travel guide (Porter and Prince, 2005, p.587) has stated that Sint Maarten which used to be a sleepy Caribbean backwater, is now a booming town with its duty paid shops making it a virtual mall. Cruise-ship crowds make the scene more chaotic but all these indicate the economic upward rise of this part of the Island. But the French part of the island is much quieter. French Saint Martin is governed directly from Gaudelope and has representation in the government in Paris. (Porter and Prince, 2005, p.587). In 2003, the population of Saint Martin Island and Saint Barthelemy Island voted to secede from Gaudeloupe, the name that represented the whole Island nation. (Caribbean Net News, 2003). In 2007, the French portion of the Island also became an overseas collectivity. Saint Martin was accessed to Europian Union later via the treaty of Lisbon. (Treaty of Lisbon, 2007, p.152). Language of the Sint Maarten side is officially Dutch and The St. Martin side is officially French. But English is the most common language throughout the island. Spanish, French Patois, and Papiamento, a dialect of Netherlands Antilles are spoken by small segments of the population. It is on the Dutch islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curasao, Papiamento is preferred as the first language (Sullivan, 2003, p.15) Dutch is the language used on Sint Maarten as the learning medium in schools and as the official administration language.

Theories in Mass Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theories in Mass Communication - Essay Example It provides different and revealing perspectives on issues and represents the desire for knowledge through 'aposteriori' methods of discovery rather than 'apriori' methods of tradition. There are different schools of thought on how social phenomena should be discussed and interpreted. Post-positivist theories are those that reject the view of the world in a purely scientific manner. This is because human knowledge is not founded on unchallengeable, rock solid-foundations and is in fact fallible. While experimental methodology can be used to investigate social phenomena, it is often impossible or unethical to use the kind of carefully controlled laboratory studies characteristic of physics or chemistry for social phenomena. Conceptually, it is often noted that unlike the subjects of natural science, people are reflexive. That is, they may alter their behavior based on the presence or findings of the researcher. This implies that there is no single, unifying all-encompassing truth emphasizing the need for multiple measures and observations.

The effects of smoking in the human body

The effects of smoking in the human body Hazardous Effects of Smoking on the Human Health Since modern people live and eat satisfactorily, they began to concern themselves more about their health. These days we frequently can see many male adults who are smoking. Moreover, the smoking rate of teenagers and women has lately been getting higher; thus, the problem becomes very serious. Although people know that smoking is bad and harmful, they seem difficult to quit smoking. People might not fully know negative effects of smoking. They must attempt to learn how horribly undermine their health while they are smoking. Once they understand the serious relation between smoking and its effects, then they would be more determined and easier to quit smoking with obtained knowledge for preventing smoking. Then what does smoking actually cause on human health, and how seriously appalling are its effects? Smoking causes various diseases such as chronic bronchitis and various kinds of cancer: lung cancer, larynx cancer, cancer of the esophagus, etc. Tobacco, which people smoke, is a toxic substance, and a main ingredient that causes the toxic is nicotine. This nicotine has a medical action which is similar to toxic substance such as a narcotic. When it is the first time to smoke or when a smoker smokes a lot, it gives various symptoms such as vomiting, giddiness, headaches, etc. by nicotine. Nicotine is very poisonous; therefore, if a humans body absorbs too much nicotine in their blood at once, most of the people die. The most important medical action of nicotine is a mental effect. Nicotine makes smokers feel a sense of mental stability and gives a sedative effect that helps to relieve the tension. Most of all, these medical actions of nicotine cause a habit which makes people smoke continually. The smoke of tobacco includes carbon monoxide; therefore, smokers could be in hypoxia, because the use rate of oxygen by smokers is much lower than the use rate of oxygen by nonsmokers. Smoking makes smokers feel headache, dizziness, and fatigue, makes eyes get flickering, gives a sense of vomiting, makes the heart beat faster, gives an oppressive feeling of the breast, and makes a smoker have difficulty in breathing, and even a state of stupor follows. If these states get worse, it gives a state of unconsciousness and finally makes people die. Smoking does not only give people these states, but it also causes various diseases: coronary heart disease, lung cancer, esophageal carcinoma, oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, kidney cancer, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, et cetera. There is also the addiction of nicotine in tobacco. According to the Department of Health and Human Services in the United States, â€Å"Cigarettes and other forms of tobacco are addicting. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco that causes addiction. The pharmacologic and behavioral processes that determine tobacco addiction are similar to those that determine addiction to drugs such as heroin and cocaine.† It is obviously true that many smokers are having trouble quitting smoking even though many campaigns for smokers health are still going on. Only the reason why a lot of smokers keep smoking with the determination for quitting smoking is because nicotine gets their bodies addicted to smoking. As long as smokers are exposed to the addiction of nicotine, they would need more cigarettes to suffice for their impulse to smoking. However, people discovered that many of these toxic substances could be useful for medicinal purposes and also gave pleasure when consumed. The modern neuro-physiology has proven that nicotine is more effective when inhaled into the lungs. The smoke is mild enough to be inhaled deeply into the alveoli of the lungs from where it is rapidly absorbed. In addition, it takes about seven seconds for nicotine to be absorbed through the lungs to reach the brain. On the other hand, it takes 14 seconds for nicotine to travel from the arm to brain after an intravenous injection. Nicotine could unlock and combine with receptors throughout the body, thus it could activate other neurotransmitters, namely serotonine and dopamine. The small doses of nicotine could result to a sense of well-being while large doses may cause depression and overdoses may kill. Nicotine is highly addictive, as explained by West and Grunberg (as cited in Goodman, 1993), tobacco smoking could get regular and compulsive a nd the withdrawal syndrome usually accompanies tobacco abstinence. During the 1990s, the US Surgeon General reported that â€Å"smoking represents the most extensively documented cause of disease ever investigated in the history of biomedical research† (as cited in Goodman, 1993, p. 242). Passive smokers or second hand smokers are also affected since they also inhale the smoke. There are several studies linking human genes to nicotine addiction like the the Swedish and Finnish twin registries (Kaprio, Koskenvuo, Sarna, 1981) that support the conclusion of a significant contribution of genetic effects to smoking. Genes are the basic biological units of heredity and the segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) needed to contribute to a function. To make new proteins, the living cell uses the genetic code of the macromolecule DNA, which stores all the information about the sequence of amino acids in the cells proteins. The identity and position of each amino acid in the protein chain is coded by nucleotides on the DNA, called codons. Among the numerous neurochemical effects of nicotine is its initial action on the nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Nicotine produces an increase in the rate of release and turnover of acetylcholine and catecholamines. It has been hypothesized that nicotine enhances the experience of pleasure through its effects on the dopaminergic system, while its ability to reduce anxiety and tension is mediated through stimulation of ACTH and cortisol; nicotines ability to enhance task performance may be due principally to its action on the cholinergic and noradrenergic pathways (Pomerleau Pomerleau, 1984). This only shows that it is possible that gene variants play a role in receptor functioning in one or more of the systems on which nicotine exerts an effect. In a research conducted by Tapper, et al. (as cited in Secko,2005), they discovered that a â€Å"mutation in the ÃŽ ±4 nAChR subunit lowers the threshold of nicotine dependence in mice† (p. 175). The same article implicates that ÃŽ ±4 and ÃŽ ²2 nAChR subunits could affect nicotine dependence. One of the disadvantages of the relationship of gene variance and nicotine addiction is the heterogeneity of human beings. Thus, genetic make-up of every human is different from each other. Also, the genetic influences on different stages of smoking may also not be identical. Thus, researchers have to study well-defined subgroups of smokers with clearly characterized phenotypes to avoid problems of population stratification. The advantages of the new findings regarding the relationship of gene variance and nicotine addiction is that as more genetic variations are discovered that are associated with the addiction, the medical field would be able to better understand how to prevent and treat human addictive disorders. The insights on genetic variance could contribute to more effective strategies to reduce smoking. Moreover, since there is no single medication that is likely to be safe and efficacious for a majority of persons with nicotine dependence, it will be useful to develop gene tics-based methods and other tools to predict therapeutic response in subgroups of nicotine-dependent persons. Female smokers do harm to embryonic health, and smokers cause nonsmokers to inhale indirect smoking, which causes damage similar to smoking, by breathing in the smoke made by smokers. In addition, teenage smoking is very bad, because smoking is more harmful for teenagers, and starting smoking at teenage makes it easier to fall deeper into toxic symptoms of nicotine. Teenage smoking is connected to juvenile delinquency and also is causing serious effects to emotional and social problems. The problem of smoking is this serious; however, as the time goes, the population increases, and as the population increases, the smoking quantity increases. In order to solve this problem, there is one method always suggested: people must stop smoking for themselves and others. Smokers have to know the reason why they smoke, so they could take on other habits or other work instead of smoking. References Goodman, J. (1993). Tobacco in History: The Cultures of Dependence. London and New York: Routledge. Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Sarna S. (1981). Cigarette smoking, use of alcohol, and leisure time physical activity among same-sexed adult male twins. In L. Gedda, P. Parise, W. E. Nance (Eds.), Twin Research 3: Part C, Epidemiological and Clinical Studies (pp. 37-46). New York: Liss. McGee, H. (1986) On Food and Cooking. The Science and Lore of the Kitchen. London: HarperCollins. Pomerleau, O. F. Pomerleau C. S. (1984). Neuroregulators and the reinforcement of smoking: towards a biobehavioral explanation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 8, 503-513. Secko, D. (2005). Craving nicotine: Its in the genes. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 172 (2), 175-176.

Cold War: A Post-Revisioninst View of the Origins :: American America History

Cold War: A Post-Revisioninst View of the Origins There are three main schools of thought that trace the origins of the Cold War. The Orthodox view is that "the intransigence of Leninist ideology, the sinister dynamics of a totalitarian society, and the madness of Stalin" (Doc 1) cause the Cold War. The Revisionists claim that "American policy offered the Russians no real choice...[and] the United States used or deployed its preponderance of power" (Doc 2) and these actions caused the Cold War. The Post-Revisionist position is that the Cold War was initiated both by the United States and the USSR. Through the analysis of documents and other sources, the actual cause of the 'war' lies with both powers. Both powers caused the Cold War because, although the US and the USSR were allied during World War Two, the USSR and US had different ideologies and aims of the war that conflicted after the war was over and the threat that each power imposed on the other. The primary cause of the Cold War is the exceedingly bipolar systems of government that the USSR and the US were administered under. The US had a democracy and had, in April of 1945, just said farewell to one of the most liberal presidents that ever had been elected. By making many social reforms, President Roosevelt pulled the US out of the crippling depression and into on of the most prosperous decades ever. The aims of the US are evident in the 'Atlantic Charter', which was signed by Churchill and Roosevelt in August of 1914. According to the Charter, the US would "seek no aggrandizement.... respect the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live.... bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations.... [and seek] the abandonment of the use of force" (Doc 4). While still early in the war, the 'Atlantic Charter' was later adopted by the United Nations and remains, to this day, one of the cornerstones of the western world. However, the o ther power that emerged still 'intact' after the war, the USSR had a very different way of government and dissimilar aims of the war. The USSR was a communist nation and had Stalin its dictator. "From the Soviet perspective, extending the borders of the USSR and dominating the formerly independent states of eastern Europe would provide security and would be proper compensation for the fearful losses the Soviet people had endured in the war" (p.

Case Study Assignment

1. What is the key HR issue(s) of this case?The key HR issue of this case is not having the policy written or clear. It is important make clear to everyone what the policies are and that they are applied consistently and fairly across the organization. Bruce was not clear on the proper rules of not being able to sell the company product outside. He thought what he was doing wasn’t any different than selling to family and friends, which the other co-worker were doing. HR needs to clearly state to all employees that company products are not for resale, but for employee use only.2. What action should you take with Bruce? Are there grounds to discipline Bruce? Why/why not?I think suspending Bruce from the staff purchase program for a limited time is a good action. There are grounds to discipline Bruce by verbally warning him that selling at the flea market or anywhere else in the future is prohibited. That is the first and only step allowed to take in the current situation. Write down in his file that he was warned about this for future reference. Advise him that if it happens again he will get a one-to-three day suspension from work. Counselling Bruce about his problems at home as well should be taken into consideration as it could affect his work in the future.3. Develop a detailed, comprehensive plan, outlining the HR policies/practices that should be implemented, in order to minimize the company’s risk of another occurrence. Explain the reasons for your recommendations.First, HR must have a written policy in place. The company should create a new written policy confirming that company product is for the direct use of employees only. Referring this in the new employee orientation presentation is not enough. The policy should be included in an employee handbook and  there should be proof in the personnel files that everyone has received a copy with signatures. It should also state that if employees are found reselling company products for personal profits will either be suspended or cut off from the staff purchase program or lead to suspension/termination from work. The company should also state that if the purchase program is found being abused is can be decided that the program will no longer become available for everyone else as well.HR should state and bring awareness that one person’s bad actions could cost everyone else’s benefits with the purchase program and that suspicious activity should be reported immediately. Furthermore, a brief company policy poster should be posted within the work place as a reminder. It should be placed in the back room where it can be easily seen. The employee handbook can be simply forgotten about and posters can help remind and encourage employees to keep following the rules on a daily basis. New and different poster designs should be changed annually so they don’t become out-of-date and stale. This will show that the company takes thoughtful measures to encourage a t rustworthy and responsible staff.Secondly, the company should enforce these new and current policies with a mandatory training seminar annually. The training seminar should help explain the reasons behind these standards and to build a positive spirit of self-discipline. With proper monitoring and guidance, this will show that management is on top of operational standards. Without this, employees will realize management has fallen behind on company values and it creates an increased exposure risk of someone not properly following company rules.These policies, when organized and disseminated in an easily used form, can serve to prevent many misunderstandings between employees and employers about their rights and obligations. Instituting internal controls with the help of the training seminar should help identify wrongdoings within the workplace. This will also follow up with employees to ensure that they are living up to his or her commitments and to reduce the likelihood of having t o take more severe action. The seminar should also gain agreement with the employees that they are continuously responsible for managing his or her actions with company guidelines.The meeting should also acknowledge employees for their good efforts and loyal relationship. Recognizing staff  will inspire them to become long-lasting honest employees. Additionally, the seminar should include fun quick games or quizzes for knowing important company protocols. This will encourage employees to speak up and become involved in the meeting so that it is not a one-way lecture type of discussion. Awarding with prizes such as a free company product package will lighten and not bore the staff. The seminar should be used to refresh employees on company guidelines and to involve them with any questions or concerns.

10 Writing Exercises to Tighten Your Writing

10 Writing Exercises to Tighten Your Writing 10 Writing Exercises to Tighten Your Writing 10 Writing Exercises to Tighten Your Writing By Brittiany Cahoon Writing projects can be like children. You love them dearly, but sometimes they irritate you to the point that you just need a break. Working on something fresh and new can invigorate your mind and give you a new approach to your work. These exercises can work for any genre of writing, fiction and non-fiction alike. 1. Free Association This is probably the most popular writing exercise to get the juices flowing. Pull up a new Word document, take a deep breath and just write whatever comes to mind. Dig as deep as you can into your subconscious and don’t worry about what comes out. Sometimes there’s a mental blockage with something that’s been bothering you, so it helps to write it down and get it out of your system. 2. Think Outside the Box Think of something you’re passionate about, like a hobby or a love interest, and write everything you know about it. Sometimes writing slumps happen and it helps to write about something you love. Even if you just write a paragraph, it’s better to write something that’s not your current project. This will rejuvenate you to re-start on your current project. 3. Sharpen the Saw Something I love to do when I’m stuck is read another author’s work, especially an author who writes in the same style or format as my current project. If you’re writing fantasy, read some Harry Potter or Lord of the Rings. If you’re writing a biography, try taking a look at some biographies of your favorite actors or writers. Escaping into someone else’s world for a bit can relax you enough to delve into your own imaginary world again. 4. Use the Musical Muse Writers feel their work, and when you can quite describe what you’re feeling on paper, it can be frustrating. Get out your ipod or computer, put on your earphones and find some songs that appeal to you and the scene or piece you’re working on. Grooveshark.com and Pandora.com are two websites that offer free, instant music streaming to get those juices flowing. 5. Mad Libs Choose one noun, adjective and verb. Make them as random as possible. Write a story using these words in context. You can also do this exercise with a fellow writer and give each other your noun, adjective and verb to see what you both come up with. 6. Eavesdropper This is a wonderful exercise if you struggle to write natural dialogue between your characters. Sit in a public place like a park or at your local college campus and listen to the things people say as they walk by. Take copious notes and share them with other writers. This exercise is also great if you need a laugh. 7. Use Writing Prompts A writing prompt is simply a topic around which you start jotting down ideas. The prompt could be a single word, a short phrase, a complete paragraph or even a picture, with the idea being to give you something to focus upon as you write. You can find examples and resources about on our Writing Prompts 101 article. 8. Person, Place, Event If you’re in the middle of coming up with some new ideas, this exercise can help. Get a piece of paper and a pen and draw two lines down the middle to form three columns. In the first column, list every type of person you can think of, such as the police, firemen, grandparents, your spouse, a princess or whatever comes to mind. Next, think of a variety of places. It can range from the grocery store to Ireland. In the last column, list a time period or famous historical event like the Battle of Gettysburg or the year 1492. Combine a person, place and event and experiment with writing about that particular situation. You can try as many as you like! 9. Research Rendezvous Select a random topic, like the African Bush or squids and look it up on as many reference sites as you can find. Dictionary.com, thesaurus.com, Wikipedia.org and about.com are some research sites you can begin with. Learn as much as you can about this new topic. Keep a file for research notes. 10. A New Point of View Pick a genre or point of view you have never tried before and write a short story with it. If you normally use third-person point of view, switch to first-person. If you normally focus on non-fiction, branch out and write some fiction. If you normally write sappy romances, give action/adventure a try. It’s scary to leave your comfort zone, but you’d be surprised the kind of inspiration you get when you switch perspective. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 50 Nautical Terms in General UseHow to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Investigate the various types of assessment, and how they impact the Design Technology classroom The WritePass Journal

Investigate the various types of assessment, and how they impact the Design Technology classroom Introduction Investigate the various types of assessment, and how they impact the Design Technology classroom IntroductionBibliography]Related Introduction In the essay I explore the contribution that assessment makes towards learning. I investigate the various types of assessment, and what impact they have on the learner, drawing upon my own experience in the Design Technology classroom. In particular, I review the summative and formative ways of assessing and conclude that formative assessment is more beneficial to the learner as they gain new knowledge and skills to inform their learning, with the feedback given through this process. Conversely, summative assessment can sometimes cause problems within the classroom as children try and ‘be the best’. To bring the essay to a close, I discuss ideas for the future regarding assessment in Design Technology and what I think should happen. The term ‘assessment’ â€Å"is how pupils recognise achievement and make progress, and how teachers shape and personalise their teaching.† (QCA, 2009) In the past assessment was â€Å"seen as something distinct from learning;† (Chater, 1984, p4) contrasting this view in a recent review on assessment Daugherty (2002) found it to be: One of the most powerful educational tools for promoting effective learning†¦ the focus needs to be on helping teachers use assessment, as part of teaching and learning, in ways that will raise pupils’ achievement. (Daugherty, 2002) Daugherty, a member of the Assessment Reform Group, is raising a well-founded point, as he is well researched into ‘assessment,’ making government policy but also works closely with teachers and local education authority staff to advance understanding of the roles, purposes and impacts of assessment. Teachers planning should include strategies to ensure that learners understand the goals they are pursuing and the criteria that will be applied in assessing their work. OFSTED reports can often be seen as biased and its independence questioned, being dubbed the â€Å"Governments ‘poodle’ during a Commons committee hearing† (Stewart, 2009) and inspections seen as an â€Å"instrument of state control† forcing teachers to follow politicians’ agendas.† (Shaw, 2009) Nevertheless, this report raises good points to be considered by teachers who strive to use assessment in their teaching, hence the citation. This type of on-going assessment described in the report is known as formative assessment. It is common for assessment to be divided into either formative or summative categories for the purpose of considering different objectives for assessment practices, although they can overlap. Summative assessment is generally carried out at the end of a course or project. In Design Technology, summative assessments are typically used to assign students an end of topic grade. Formative assessment is generally carried out throughout a course or project and is used to aid learning. Summative assessment is the assessment of learning and in Design Technology it provides evidence of student achievement for reporting and accountability purposes.   Its main purpose is to make judgements about performance. An example of this is the norm-referenced tests (NRT), which classifies students. NRTs draw attention to the achievement differences between and among students to produce a dependable rank order of students across a continuum of achievement from high achievers to low achievers (Stiggins, 1994). Schools use this system to place pupils in ability groups, including Gifted and Talented. However, it is argued that â€Å"Assessment should be a powerful tool for learning, not merely a political solution to perceived problems over standards and accountability.† (ATL, 1996) This is reinforcing Daugherty’s idea, as it perceives assessment as a tool, a working progress- formative assessment, not an end product- summative assessment. Formative assessment is Assessment for learning and in Design Technology it helps to inform the teaching and learning process by identifying students’ strengths and weaknesses.   Its main purpose is to gather information. Diagnostic assessment, which helps to identify specific learning strengths and needs, can fall into both categories. It determines learning targets and appropriate teaching and learning strategies to achieve them. This is important because: Many learners have higher-level skills in some areas than in others. Diagnostic assessment happens initially at the beginning of a learning programme and subsequently when the need arises. (QIA, 2008) Therefore; it can be summative, as it results in a grade and the student is placed in an ability group on what they already know. However, this â€Å"information is used to make links to progression routes and prepare for the next steps;† (QIA, 2008) thus becomes formative, as they discover the gaps in their knowledge and learn how to fill these gaps. A type of formative assessment is a criterion-referenced test which determines, â€Å"what test takers can do and what they know, not how they compare to others.† (Anastasi, 1988, p102) Assessment for Learning ensures that pupils understand what they can do, but are also informed how to improve on what they find difficult, and what type of learning process they must take to achieve this. This formative assessment: Forms the direction of future learning and so the requirement of formative assessment is that the feedback given back to the learner helps the learner improve, but more importantly that the learner actually uses that information to improve. (Marshall, 2002, p48) Feedback for learning in Design Technology is vital. The teacher will take pleasure in rewarding students with praises; however, there is more valuable feedback that they should receive, as Black Wiliam found: Pupils look for the ways to obtain the best marks rather than at the needs of their learning which these marks ought to reflect†¦ They spend time and energy looking for clues to the ‘right answer’. (Black Wiliam, 1998) In Design Technology, a subject in which there is seldom a ‘right answer,’ it is essential that â€Å"we focus on promoting learning instead of encouraging students to seek the easiest way to get the best results.† (Branson, 2005, p76) This indicates that the summative assessment is preventing the student reaching their full potential through learning, as they want to be the best in the class; therefore, will rote learn and be ‘taught-to-the-test’ to achieve this top grade. This could mean that student is not learning, but remembering facts for the test, and once the test is over they will not retain much of the knowledge. Nevertheless, the summative results could be used as part of a formative assessment (Black Wiliam, 1998) if the correct feedback was given to them instead of just a grade. This feedback will only be effective if the quality of teacher-pupil interaction is high and provides, â€Å"the stimulus and help for pupils to take active responsibility for their own learning.†(Black Wiliam, 1998) To create effective feedback we must â€Å"teach less and talk about learning more.† (Branson, 2005, p77) This is known as meta-learning which draws upon goals, strategies, effects, feelings and context of learning, each of which has significant personal and social dimensions: Those who are advanced in meta-learning realise that what is learned (the outcome or the result) and how it is learned (the act or the process) are two inseparable aspects of learning. (Watkins, 2001) If students practise these skills they will be able evaluate work successfully, apply their assessment criteria to their work and their peers’ work. Through this greater understanding of their own learning, the students will have the â€Å"ability of the performance† (Marshall, 2002, p57) and be able to apply the knowledge and strategies they have acquired to various contexts, transferring their skills to suit the situation. Good day-to-day indications of students’ progress are tasks and questions that prompt learners to show their knowledge, skills and understanding. What learners say and do is then observed and interpreted, by teacher and peers, and judgements are made about how learning can be improved. These assessment processes are an important part of everyday classroom practice and involve both teachers and learners in reflection when talking about new targets. The questions posed should be open-ended, allowing the student to fully express themselves and ensuring that they will not ‘lose face,’ as there is not a right or wrong answer. If a student finds answering a question difficult, a peer can step in and help, which can have a positive effect on the class as there are â€Å"things that students will take from each other that they won’t take from a teacher.† (Marshall, 2002, p48) In turn, peer assessment helps develop self-assessment which promotes independent l earning, helping children to take increasing responsibility for their own progress. An example of good practice I have seen in an Design Technology classroom is ‘PEN marking’ Positive, Error, Next Time, in which students would pen mark their own work and assess each others work looking for two good aspects about the piece, and an improvement. This way the students are praising each other; therefore, they are not scared to suggest an improvement. Through assessing their peers work, they also find ways to improve their own. This is subjective as it is my own opinion, but does relate to what Marshall’s theory- that they will take from each other that they would not from a teacher, as several ‘wishes’ from the students sounded harsh but I found that in their next piece of work they had tried harder at it. However, the work may also have improved if the teacher had said it, so this theory is not infallible. The OFSTED report states that: Many pupils were still not clear about what their strengths and weaknesses were or how they might improve. (OFSTED, 2009, p14) Assessment for learning states that for effective learning to take place students need to understand what it is they are trying to achieve, and want to achieve it. Understanding and commitment follows when they have a part in deciding goals and identifying criteria for assessing progress. Communicating assessment criteria involves discussing them with the students using terms that they can understand, providing examples of how the criteria can be met in practice and engaging learners in peer and self-assessment.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I think the problem of pupils not being cle ar about their strengths and weaknesses can be solved with the introduction of Assessing Pupils’ Progress (APP) into schools. The school where I am doing my placement is using the APP process for the first time this year, and so far are finding it successful.   APP is a ‘systematic approach to periodic assessment that provides diagnostic information about individual pupils’ progress and management information about the attainment and progress of groups’. (DfCSF, 2008) A key purpose of APP is to inform and strengthen planning, teaching and learning. This aspect of APP can have a direct and positive impact on raising standards, and can assist in the personalisation of learning. Based on the assessment focuses (AFs) that underpin National Curriculum assessment, the APP approach improves the quality and reliability of teacher assessment. My school have simplified the APP focuses and levels into student speak so they can fully understand the concept and purpose. All students in KS3 are now fully aware that they will have an APP assessment in Design Technology at the end of every half term. The assessment will be based upon the scheme of work studied over the half term. For example the last assessment was to write a character description: the scheme studied being fiction. The Design Technology teacher has an expectation that every individual child should attain two sub-levels a year; the student is also aware of this. Before the student completed the final assessment they assessed a Character Description supplied by the teacher, using the same AF’s that they were going to be assessed on. This allowed the students to see exactly what they had to do to ach ieve a Level 5, as one pupil pointed out that, â€Å"Even though they’ve put their ideas together in order Miss, they haven’t used paragraphs so they can’t get a Level 5 for AF3†. This process of evaluation helps the student progress in their work, as they can see clearly what they have to do to improve. Ultimately, I think that the contribution of assessment has a huge impact on pupils’ learning; with well focused feedback, including thorough marking that identifies clear targets, students can progress and become independent learners, a foundation preparing for their independent life.   I think that APP alongside Assessment for Learning is a good way for the student and the teacher to gauge progress, as the objectives are clear, and the ways to achieve them are made obvious through ‘pupil speak’. This does not mean that I think summative is an incorrect way of assessment, as I echo the thoughts of Black Wiliam (1998) in that if a summative assessment is used to inform the student for progression then it can have a positive effect. When I start NQT year, I hope to be employed in a school that uses APP, and if not I will try and implement it, as I think it benefits students as much as it does the teacher. Bibliography] Anastasi, A. (1988). Psychological Testing. New York, New York: MacMillan Publishing Company Association of Teachers and Lecturers. (1996). Doing our Level Best. Black, P. and Wiliam, D. (1998) Inside the Black Box: Raising Standards through Classroom Assessment, Kings College London. [Online] Available from: www.kcl.ac.uk/education/publications/Black%20Box.pdf [Accessed 20th October 2009] Branson, J. (2005) ‘Assessment, recording and reporting’. In: Goodwyn, A Branson, J. (eds). Teaching English: A Handbook for Primary and Secondary School Teachers. London: Routledge. Chater, P. (1984) Marking Assessment in English. London: Methuen Co Ltd. Daugherty R. (2002) Assessing for learning insides. [Online] 2002. Available from: assessment-reform-group.org/AssessInsides.pdf [Accessed 21st October 2009] DfCSF. (2008) Assessing Pupils Progress (APP) In English. [Online] Aug 2008. Available from: http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/16051?uc=force_deep [Accessed 21st October 2009] Marshall, B. (2002) ‘Thinking through Assessment: An Interview with Dylan Wiliam’. English in Education, 36 (3) p47-60. OFSTED. (2009) English at the crossroads. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. QCA. (2005) A national conversation on the future of English. [Online]. 2005. Available from: qcda.gov.uk/libraryAssets/media/qca-05-1835-playback-web.pdf [Accessed 21st October 2009] QCA. (2009) Assessment key principles- National Curriculum. [Online]. June 2009. Available from: http://curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/key-stages-3-and-4/assessment/Assessment-key-principles/index.aspx?return=/key-stages-3-and-4/assessment/index.aspx   [Accessed: 20th October 2009] QIA. (2008) Initial and diagnostic assessment: a learner- centred process. [Online] 2008. Available from sfl-sw.org.uk/userfiles/files/Initial%2520and%2520Diagnostic%2520assessment%2520a%2520learner-centred%2520process.pdf [Accessed 21st October 2009] Scriven, M. (1991). Evaluation thesaurus. 4th ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Shaw, M. 2009. ‘Ofsted inspections are means of state control’. Times Educational Supplement, 15 March. p.7 Stiggins, R.J. (1994). Student-Centered Classroom Assessment. New York: Merrill. Watkins, C. (2001) ‘Learning about Learning Enhances Performance’ in National School Improvement Network Research Matters 13, London: Institute of Education. William, S. (2009) ‘Ofsted accused of being ministerial poodle over school report cards’. Times Educational Supplement, 10 July. p.33

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Developed in Rome Essay Example for Free

Developed in Rome Essay In the time of the Renaissance, the arts became the primary preoccupation of the people. This is because of the pervading atmosphere of humanism, which promotes the accomplishments of the individual in a gamut of areas. The Renaissance as an era is divided into two parts: the early Renaissance which occurred in Florence and the high Renaissance that developed in Rome. How are these two phases different in terms of artistic styles? How are they alike? In the spirit of humanism that it advances, the art pieces reminiscent of the early Renaissance tried to put into canvass a very realistic depiction of the human form. Everything from proportion to color was considered to achieve the desired effect of realism. According to Noble, â€Å"artists developed new techniques to give paintings a more three-dimensional, life-like quality, and commonly studied human and animal anatomy in efforts to better understand their subjects (6). † These artists enjoyed the patronage of the wealthy, but they were not granted complete artistic freedom. Even though humanism was at its peak, the theme of the arts still leaned towards religion (Noble 6). The artists could only manifest freedom in terms of style and technique. The artistic pioneers of that time included Giotto di Bondone, Massacio, Lorenzo Ghiberti and Donatello. Giotto was the first important artist; it was his study of nature that rendered realistic facial expressions in his paintings (Noble 6), which served as the benchmark for the periods realistic techniques. Massacio is known for his Bible-inspired work, The Tribute Money. Ghiberti was the leading name in architecture; he designed and sculpted bronze doors, which was embellished with scenes from the Bible, for the Baptistry (Noble 6). In terms of sculpture, Donatello was the most important artist. He was responsible for David, â€Å"the first freestanding nude figure sculpted since the Roman era (Noble 6). † â€Å"If the early Renaissance artists paved the way for new techniques and styles in creating arts, it was the High Renaissance artists who mastered these said techniques (Noble 7),† bringing the creation of art to new heights. There might have been an improvement in method, but the subject matter remains the same. The arts of the High Renaissance was still controlled by the Church. However, the works of Leonardo began to manifest a strong leaning toward extreme humanism, which marked the beginning of change (Noble 7). In the High Renaissance, there were three dominant artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Michaelangelo Buonarroti and Raphael. Da Vincis works include the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper and Lady with an Ermine (â€Å"Artcyclopedia† 1). Michaelangelo, on the other hand, is famous for the artwork in the Sistine Chapel (â€Å"Artcyclopedia† 2). Raphael were responsible for such paintings as Saint George and the Dragon, and The Small Cowper Madonna (â€Å"Artcyclopedia† 3). In conclusion, the early Renaissance and High Renaissance only differed in two points: first, they occurred in different locations; second, while the early Renaissance artists created the techniques, the High Renaissance artists perfected them. Moreover, the two phases shared a similarity: the theme of religion despite the humanistic atmosphere. Works Cited Artcyclopedia. 2007. 17 Dec. 2007 http://www. artcyclopedia. com/history/high-renaissance. html. Noble, Matt. Sparknote on Italian Renaissance (1330-1550). 2006. SparkNotes LLC. 17 Dec. 2007 http://www. sparknotes. com/history/european/renaissance1/.

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Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member    "Where I came from, in order to be down you had to be 'in'" (Shakur, 226). This quote, taken from Sanyika Shakur's (aka Monster Kody Scott) Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member relates the mind set of those growing up the concrete jungle of South Central L.A. This powerful account of the triumph of the human spirit over insurmountable odds brings the reader into the daily battles for survival. His story starts at the beginning of his gang life (being initiated at age 11), moves through his teen years (mostly spent in various correctional facilities) and ends up with his transformation in a member of the New Afrikan Independence Movement.    When Kody Scott was 6 years old, the gang wars started in Los Angeles. It started out as a battle between the Crips and the Bloods, but by the late 70's and continuing today, the biggest killer of Crips is other Crips. The Crip Nation was divided into different divisions, which Monster compares to the U.S. Army. "For instance, one who is in the army may belong to the F... Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member Essay -- Biography B Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member    "Where I came from, in order to be down you had to be 'in'" (Shakur, 226). This quote, taken from Sanyika Shakur's (aka Monster Kody Scott) Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member relates the mind set of those growing up the concrete jungle of South Central L.A. This powerful account of the triumph of the human spirit over insurmountable odds brings the reader into the daily battles for survival. His story starts at the beginning of his gang life (being initiated at age 11), moves through his teen years (mostly spent in various correctional facilities) and ends up with his transformation in a member of the New Afrikan Independence Movement.    When Kody Scott was 6 years old, the gang wars started in Los Angeles. It started out as a battle between the Crips and the Bloods, but by the late 70's and continuing today, the biggest killer of Crips is other Crips. The Crip Nation was divided into different divisions, which Monster compares to the U.S. Army. "For instance, one who is in the army may belong to the F...